Crude oil is down 31%.
The Journal of Commerce Metals Index is down 27%.
The CRB Spot Commodity Index is down 17%. (note, however, that this broad-based index of industrial, energy, and agricultural commodities is up 2.7% in the past three weeks, mainly due to rising prices for foodstuffs)
Gold is down 17%, and silver is down 44%.
Commodity investors are suffering, no question. So what does this mean? Does this reflect a global economic slowdown that threatens to become another recession? The beginnings of another bout of deflation? Is the Fed too tight? Are debt burdens killing economic growth?
The answer to these questions, I would argue, is that it depends on your perspective.
Consider the following long-term versions of each of the above charts:
In the past 13 and a half years, crude oil prices are up 550%, or almost 15% per year.
Industrial metals prices are up 260% in the past 10 and a half years, or 13% per year.
The CRB Spot Commodity Index is up 133% in the past 10 and a half years, or 8.4% per year.
Gold prices are up over 500% in the past 11 years, or 18% per year.
Wow. Is the commodity glass half full, or half empty? Looks pretty full to me. Just about any commodity you can find is up way more than the rate of inflation over the past decade or so. Is that because global growth is going gangbusters and we simply can't produce enough of the stuff? Or could it have something to do with monetary policy? Consider this chart of the CRB Spot Commodity Index in constant dollar terms:
I think this chart shows that monetary policy can have a huge impact on commodity prices. The big secular trends in real commodity prices coincide very closely with the big trends in monetary policy. Monetary policy was easy throughout most of the 1970s, then became tight under Volcker beginning in 1979 and throughout most of Greenspan's tutelage. Policy has been overtly accommodative for most of Bernanke's term as chairman, with the big exception being the late 2008 period, when the Fed was slow to react to a massive increase in money demand, and thus became inadvertently tight until quantitative easing was launched.
Looked at from a long-term perspective, and viewed against the backdrop of monetary policy, it looks to me like commodities are still in a bull market, and the recent declines have been in the nature of a correction. As such, I don't think that the recent decline in commodity prices, painful though it has been, reflects a major deterioration in the global economic outlook.
If anything, the recent decline in commodity prices is a correction from overly-strong gains—call it a bubble perhaps—that in turn were likely driven by the expectation that monetary policy was far more inflationary than it has turned out to be. Commodity speculators—and this goes double or triple for gold speculators—are realizing that commodity prices overshot the inflation fundamentals by a lot. The future hasn't turned out to be as inflationary as they expected. Speculative excess has sowed the seeds of the commodity price drop, since dramatically higher prices have encouraged a lot of new commodity production at the same time that expensive prices have curbed demand. This is not an economic contraction we're seeing, its a market correction.
Rather than fret over "weak" commodity prices, we should be rejoicing that oil prices are well off their highs and gasoline prices are declining.
UPDATE: I thought I would add a chart of copper prices to again make the point that it's not that commodity prices are suddenly weak or suggestive of an impending or developing recession—it's that commodity prices are somewhat "less strong" than they were a year ago. Just as monetary policy is "less easy" today than it was a year ago. At today's price, which is almost 30% off its all-time high of last year, copper is still up 450% from its late 2001 low. I would argue that this is not necessarily indicative of any serious global economic weakness, since it could well be due to the simple ebbing of the speculative fever which drove prices to levels last year that were previously unimaginably high, coupled with the increased production that very prices have encouraged.
Looked at from a long-term perspective, and viewed against the backdrop of monetary policy, it looks to me like commodities are still in a bull market, and the recent declines have been in the nature of a correction. As such, I don't think that the recent decline in commodity prices, painful though it has been, reflects a major deterioration in the global economic outlook.
If anything, the recent decline in commodity prices is a correction from overly-strong gains—call it a bubble perhaps—that in turn were likely driven by the expectation that monetary policy was far more inflationary than it has turned out to be. Commodity speculators—and this goes double or triple for gold speculators—are realizing that commodity prices overshot the inflation fundamentals by a lot. The future hasn't turned out to be as inflationary as they expected. Speculative excess has sowed the seeds of the commodity price drop, since dramatically higher prices have encouraged a lot of new commodity production at the same time that expensive prices have curbed demand. This is not an economic contraction we're seeing, its a market correction.
Rather than fret over "weak" commodity prices, we should be rejoicing that oil prices are well off their highs and gasoline prices are declining.
UPDATE: I thought I would add a chart of copper prices to again make the point that it's not that commodity prices are suddenly weak or suggestive of an impending or developing recession—it's that commodity prices are somewhat "less strong" than they were a year ago. Just as monetary policy is "less easy" today than it was a year ago. At today's price, which is almost 30% off its all-time high of last year, copper is still up 450% from its late 2001 low. I would argue that this is not necessarily indicative of any serious global economic weakness, since it could well be due to the simple ebbing of the speculative fever which drove prices to levels last year that were previously unimaginably high, coupled with the increased production that very prices have encouraged.
I'm curious why you look at the long term for commodities (i.e. your view in this post that despite the recent drop, commodities are much higher than where they were ten years ago) and the short term for housing, autos, production, etc... when the recent rise looks like a blip in the overall fall we've seen over the past ten years?
ReplyDeleteA recent example of the latter: http://tinyurl.com/72r6gs8
It seems inconsistent.
I don't think it's inconsistent at all. The long-term picture of the housing market is that real prices are now back to levels that seem fairly normal, while new construction has been extremely low for many years. Prices have returned to market-clearing levels, and the huge drop in construction has helped reduce housing inventory. Both are very natural processes that have repeated themselves over the decades.
ReplyDeleteThe bulk of gold demand is generated in India and China, in the form of gifts. I think I missed a long-term investment pop not anticipating middle-class demand in those nations for gold.
ReplyDeleteUS monetary policy not really connected to gold prices anymore. Both China and India have relatively aggressive or bullish monetary policies, and both nations generating middle and upper classes with long traditions of gold buying.
Would be interesting to know what the growth of M2 was in the periods described as tight and loose.
Housing was just one example. Short term trends seem to matter when they support your thesis. Long term trends when they support your thesis.
ReplyDeleteWhich is all good and fine, but you have so many loyal readers and speak with such certainty that I'm concerned you may be leading those too reliant on you (vs their own analysis) off a cliff. Take JC Penney as one example. You mention the stores are improving and boom... readers mention they are building a position.
ReplyDeleteI seem to recall that commodities are rising, you always use it as a proof the the global economy is growing and healthy. But when they are dropping, you always call it a correction not reflecting weakening of the economy.
ReplyDeleteWhere's the consistency in that?
"Impact of Commodity Prices on the Consumer", from Bespoke Investment Group. The softness in the world economy benefits the U.S. consumer via a stronger dollar with lower commodity prices.
ReplyDeleteImpact of Commodity Prices on the Consumer
And if you search for posts that the commodity decline is a recession warning, you'll find plenty. That's the point... the world, economy, and investing are not black and white.
ReplyDelete